Large Hadron Collider forward
The LHCf experiment uses forward particles created inside the LHC as a source to simulate cosmic rays in laboratory conditions.
Cosmic rays are naturally occurring charged particles from outer space that constantly bombard the Earth's atmosphere. They collide with nuclei in the upper atmosphere, leading to a cascade of particles that reaches ground level.
Studying how collisions inside the LHC cause similar cascades of particles will help scientists to interpret and calibrate large-scale cosmic-ray experiments that can cover thousands of kilometres.
The LHCf experiment involves 22 scientists from 10 institutes in 4 countries (September 2006).
LHCf detector
Size: two detectors, each measures 30 cm long, 10 cm high, 10 cm wide
Weight: 40 kg each
Design:
Location: Meyrin, Switzerland (near ATLAS)
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søndag den 21. oktober 2007
torsdag den 11. oktober 2007
TOTEM
TOTal Elastic and diffractive cross section Measurement
The TOTEM experiment studies forward particles to focus on physics that is not accessible to the general-purpose experiments. Among a range of studies, it will measure, in effect, the size of the proton and also monitor accurately the LHC's luminosity.
To do this TOTEM must be able to detect particles produced very close to the LHC beams. It will include detectors housed in specially designed vacuum chambers called 'Roman pots', which are connected to the beam pipes in the LHC. Eight Roman pots will be placed in pairs at four locations near the collision point of the CMS experiment.
Although the two experiments are scientifically independent, TOTEM will complement the results obtained by the CMS detector and by the other LHC experiments overall.
The TOTEM experiment involves 50 scientists from 10 institutes in 8 countries (2006).
TOTEM detector
Size: 440 m long, 5 m high and 5 m wide
Weight: 20 tonnes
Design: Roman pot and GEM detectors and cathode strip chambers
Location: Cessy, France (near CMS)
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The TOTEM experiment studies forward particles to focus on physics that is not accessible to the general-purpose experiments. Among a range of studies, it will measure, in effect, the size of the proton and also monitor accurately the LHC's luminosity.
To do this TOTEM must be able to detect particles produced very close to the LHC beams. It will include detectors housed in specially designed vacuum chambers called 'Roman pots', which are connected to the beam pipes in the LHC. Eight Roman pots will be placed in pairs at four locations near the collision point of the CMS experiment.
Although the two experiments are scientifically independent, TOTEM will complement the results obtained by the CMS detector and by the other LHC experiments overall.
The TOTEM experiment involves 50 scientists from 10 institutes in 8 countries (2006).
TOTEM detector
Size: 440 m long, 5 m high and 5 m wide
Weight: 20 tonnes
Design: Roman pot and GEM detectors and cathode strip chambers
Location: Cessy, France (near CMS)
Håndværker - colic-help - skateboard - islam - tsunami
mandag den 1. oktober 2007
LHCb
Large Hadron Collider beauty
The LHCb experiment will help us to understand why we live in a Universe that appears to be composed almost entirely of matter, but no antimatter.
It specialises in investigating the slight differences between matter and antimatter by studying a type of particle called the 'beauty quark', or 'b quark'.
Instead of surrounding the entire collision point with an enclosed detector, the LHCb experiment uses a series of sub-detectors to detect mainly forward particles. The first sub-detector is mounted close to the collision point, while the next ones stand one behind the other, over a length of 20 m.
An abundance of different types of quark will be created by the LHC before they decay quickly into other forms. To catch the b-quarks, LHCb has developed sophisticated movable tracking detectors close to the path of the beams circling in the LHC.
The LHCb collaboration has 650 scientists from 48 institutes in 13 countries (April 2006).
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The LHCb experiment will help us to understand why we live in a Universe that appears to be composed almost entirely of matter, but no antimatter.
It specialises in investigating the slight differences between matter and antimatter by studying a type of particle called the 'beauty quark', or 'b quark'.
Instead of surrounding the entire collision point with an enclosed detector, the LHCb experiment uses a series of sub-detectors to detect mainly forward particles. The first sub-detector is mounted close to the collision point, while the next ones stand one behind the other, over a length of 20 m.
An abundance of different types of quark will be created by the LHC before they decay quickly into other forms. To catch the b-quarks, LHCb has developed sophisticated movable tracking detectors close to the path of the beams circling in the LHC.
The LHCb collaboration has 650 scientists from 48 institutes in 13 countries (April 2006).
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